06/1/08

Feast of Justin Martyr

In honor of St. Justin, today we post selected quotes from his writings.

Reason directs those who are truly pious and philosophical to honor and love only what is true, refusing to follow the opinions of the ancients, if these be worthless.
1st Apology, Chapter 2

This quote, while quite agreeable to Reform Unitarianism, is ironic in light of Justin’s strong reliance on Hebrew prophets and praise of them as more ancient than European philosophers.

[God] accepts those only who imitate the excellence which are in Him: temperance, justice, charity, and the virtues which are peculiar to a God who is called by no proper name.
1st Apology, Chapter 10

This is one of the many quotes in which Justin asserts the central principle of AUR: that God can have no proper name.

We reasonably worship him [Jesus], having learned that he is the Son of the true God Himself, and holding him in the second place, and the prophetic Spirit in the third.
1st Apology, Chapter 13

This expresses in good pre-Nicene language, the sequential triplicity of the One God, the Son of God, and the Spirit, rather than any sort of coeval trinity.

The Word, who is the first-born of God, was produced without sexual union.
1st Apology, Chapter 21

No one can utter the name of the ineffable God; and if anyone dares to say there is a name, he raves with hopeless insanity.
1st Apology, Chapter 61

To the Father of all, who is unbegotten, there is no name given, because if He were called any sort of name, the person who gives Him the name would be his elder. These words—Father, God, Creator, Lord, Master—are not names but appelations derived from His true deeds and functions.
2nd Apology, Chapter 6

There is, and there is said to be, another God and Lord subject to the Maker of all things, who is also called a messenger [angel] because he announces to humanity what the Creator of everything—above Whom there is no other God—wishes to announce to them.
Dialogue with Tryphon, Chapter 56

AUR understands the “first God” to be the true Unitary God while the so-called second “God” is merely called that due to its divine nature, as in the first verse of The Gospel of John, and in Philo’s theology. As Justin himself asserts, “God” is merely an appelation; terminology is not as important as the distinction between the single uncreated Creator and creatures. It is very clear from Justin’s writings that Christians of his day understood this “second God” (the Logos/Word/Son) to be subordinate to, and derived from, God the Father.

05/22/08

To Avoid An Unintended Message Of Prejudice

In honor of the 12 Days of Trial, AUReform.com had prepared a piece about the conflicts in the early Church during the days of Constantine and Nicaea, specifically focusing on the often dishonest and violent roles played by the Roman and Alexandrian-Athanasian factions.

However, in the context of recent media focus on anti-Catholic rhetoric by certain Evangelical leaders, this blog post on ancient conflicts seemed almost to align itself with those who would demonize the entire Roman Church as “The Great Whore.”

So, offering an ecumenical antidote to recent sectarian vitriol, let us instead simply assert that AUR and RCC both honor the Emperor Constantine, albeit in different ways and for different reasons.

Although AUR believes that the difference between Unitarian and Trinitarian views of God, the universe, and morality are significant and critical to salvation, we also believe it is easier for a good-hearted Trinitarian Catholic to get into the Kingdom of Heaven than it would be for prejudicial, sectarian, and materialist hate-mongers… even if they were strict Unitarians.

We believe that, however important to salvation might be the idiom on which sectarian and denominational differences are based, God does not respect our moral prejudices based on those cultural difference. There is a reason Jesus taught us about the Good Samaritan, member of a hated religious minority considered heretics by Judean Jews. There is a reason Jesus praised the faith of a pagan Centurion. There is a reason Paul told the Greeks that the “Unknown God” honored in their pagan temples was the same as the God of Christians.

Condemning entire other religions is not the teaching of Jesus Christ.  It is a tactic of autolatrous tyranny.  The great irony in certain allegedly Christian leaders attacking hated outsiders as representing the “The Great Whore” is that the Apocalypse from which they lift that language makes clear that it is the Beast that hates Babylon.

Although AUReform.com may still, on a later date, publish this important history of the conflict between Unitarians and what would become the Roman Catholic Church, we did not want even the appearance of agreeing with those who would condemn Catholics as a class by publishing it during the current news cycle.

Have a safe Memorial Day weekend!

05/15/08

The Spring Calendar

Spring Calendar starts in that part of the year where the last possible days of the Easter Calendar fall.  Since AUR follows the Western calendar, Ascension can fall as late as 3 June, and Pentecost as late as 13 June, but in general Eastertide wraps up during May.  Therefore, Springtide starts in  mid-May and extends until just after the transition into Summer.  After the Spring Calendar begins the ramp up to Declaration Thursday and July 4th.

12 Days of Trial, focusing on tragic errors of the past, start on the 20th of May.

    Lucifer’s Day, the 1st Day of Trial, marking the anniversary of the First Council of Nicaea in which the Josiac error of conflating the Logos and God was repeated. This is also the traditional feast day of Lucifer Calaritanus, one of the principle proponents of this error against Christian monotheism.
    Constantine’s Day 1, the 2nd Day of Trial, the traditional feast day of Constantine who supported Christianity politically after a vision allegedly aided his bloody power struggle for control of the Roman Empire.  This is a day to contemplate errors of superficiality without substance.
    Constantine’s Day 2, the 3rd Day of Trial, the anniversary of the death of Constantine, who was baptized on his deathbed by Arian bishop Eusebius.  This is a day to contemplate finding subtance after superficiality.
    Attacks On Reason, the 6th Day of Trial. Among the events commemorated on this day are the Scopes trial and the Edict of Worms.
    Attacks On Innocence, the 9th Day of Trial. Among the events commemorated on this day are the Indian Removals of Andrew Jackson.
    Godiva Day, the 12th Day of Trial on 31 May, in which the Christ-like story of Lady Godiva reminds us that pattern of trial and sacrifice are engineered into the workings of the world.

12 Days of Unity, starting on 1 June and symbolized by roses. Just as the rose has a sweet scent and thorns, these 12 Days are to remember the rewards and perils of belief.

    Feast of Justin Martyr, the 1st Day of Unity, commemorating the earliest Christian apologist, whose doctrine of the Logos explained that the Son is clearly subordinate to the God the Father.
    Zealous Errors Day, on the 2nd, to remember with humility that evil acts are often committed in the name of good. Among such acts falling on this day are the Arian Vandals’ pillaging of Rome, the beginning of guilty verdicts in the Salem Witch Trials, and the start of the Reign of Terror in the French Revolution.
    Conviction Day, on the 6th, to commemorate those who stand up boldly for their convictions, such as Patrick Henry and Robert Kennedy, both of whom died on this day.
    False Conviction Day, on the 7th, to remember that often our bold convictions may be misplaced. The seige of Jerusalem (during the 1st Crusade) occurred on this day.
    Feast of Barnabas, on the 11th Day of Unity, to commemorate the Apostle tortured and stoned to death by those envious of his successful ministry.
    Feast of John of Sahagun, on the 12th Day of Unity.  St. John was known for his bold critiques of sin, for which he was persecuted by those enraged by his criticisms.

12 Days of Reconciliation, starting on 13 June.

    Marriage Day, the 1st Day of Reconciliation, commemorating the marriage of Martin Luther to Katharina von Bora, and the marriage of male and female symbology in St. Onuphrius (or Humphrey), a hermit who was depicted as half-man and half-woman.
    Flag Day, which falls on the 2nd Day of Reconciliation in the United States, can be used to examine the reconciliation of the many into the one, as the many states represented by the stars and stripes are joined in the Republic.
    Feast of the Bolt, the 3rd Day of Reconciliation, honoring St. Vitus who protected against lightning, and Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment proving that lightning is electricity. (A good day to meditate on Luke 23:23-25)
    Moral Economy Day, the 4th Day of Reconciliation, commemorating Abraham Lincoln’s “House Divided” speech on the division driven by economic and moral interests. Also the birthday of Adam Smith, whose free market economics was based on the reconciliation of moral ends and selfish economy.
    Transition Days, the 9th Day of Reconciliation, commemorates the birthday and transition of Reinhold Niebuhr from pacifist to Christian Realist. This is the day on which to meditate on the reconciliation of peace and war in justice, and the development of naive and immature idealism (which blindly opposes others) into a mature and balanced morality. This is also the Summer Solstice, marking the transition of the year from youth to maturity. 
    Feast of John The Baptist
    , the 12th Day of Reconciliation, is the Feast of John the Baptist, who marked the transition from the youthful religion before him to the mature religion of Christ after.
05/8/08

Pentecost – The Harvest of Christ’s Ministry

On the Sunday following Ascension Thursday falls the Pentecost, originally a Hebrew harvest festival known as Shavuot or the Day of First Fruits.  It is also called White Sunday in some Northern European countries.

In Judaism, this day commemorates the descent of the Law on Mt. Sinai, but in Christianity it commemorates the descent of the Holy Spirit on followers of Jesus.

In both cases, a great flowering resulted. Just as the Jewish people were bound by the physical ties of tribe and family, Christians are bound by the mental ties of concept and idiom.  So, in Jewish tradition, Mt. Sinai became covered in blooms and greenery after the Law was revealed, a material flowering.  In Christian tradition, the crowds who witnessed the descent of the Spirit discovered they were granted the wisdom to understand the words of the Apostles in their own language, a mental flowering.

For Reform Unitarianism, these parallel revelations on Shavuot/Pentecost represent a great reconciliation of complementary goods: punitive Law which outlines strict rules of conduct and benevolent Wisdom which over-rules the obstacles of language.

04/17/08

Twelve Days Of Commission

At the end of the Easter season, AUR celebrates the 12 Days of Commission, beginning on Commission Sunday, 20 April this year, and ending on Ascension Thursday, on May 1st. This time commemorates the charge of Jesus Christ to teach all nations, to baptize, and to obey his teachings.

The text of the Great Commission in the Gospel of Matthew contains one of the proof texts often mistaken as supporting Trinitarianism, and it thus bears comment. 

Jesus tells his disciples to baptize “in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.”  Listing three items does not, by any stretch of reason or imagination, lead to the conclusion that these three are parts of a triune whole, co-equal and co-eval. 

As a son descends from a father (to consider them as co-eval is to deny the Father-Son relationship) and the Holy Spirit is described in scripture as emanating from God, this triple invocation is more accurately understood not as a list of equals, but as a flowing of spirit from the unbegotten Unitarian Creator through the only-begotten Son who is the “firstborn of creatures” and a Holy Spirit which is embodied in a variety of ways.

Rather than a Trinity, this baptism is in the name of a sequential “Triplicity”: the wellspring of the Father pouring out the river of the Son, and issuing into the world through the Holy Spirit like a delta washing out into the sea through a multitude of streams. It is in this truth we baptize, that we might retrace the path of the diverse waters of Spirit, reconciled in the unity of the Logos, by which we may find the One God.

The Twelve Days of Commission conclude in the Ascension of Jesus, which is one of the Four Great Thursdays of AUR, the other three being Garden Thursday, Declaration Thursday, and Thanksgiving Thursday.  This day commemorates the return of Jesus to stand at the right hand of God. 

Just as the Voice of God came to the Jews from between the two angels on the Reconciler (also known, in a poor translation, as the “Mercy Seat”) atop the Ark of the Covenant, the Reconciling Word of God returned to Heaven between two angels who appeared beside him.

01/21/08

Martin Luther King Jr., American Prophet

It is quite appropriate that the (actual) birthday of Martin Luther King Jr. falls on the 9th Day of Defiance in the AUR calendar, in the middle of Nika Week, which commemorates a moment when competing factions joined together to stand against oppression in the Byzantine Empire just as the multiracial crowds that gathered before Dr. King joined together to stand against Jim Crow oppression in the United States.

But Martin Luther King is significant to AUR for other reasons, not only his ecumenical attitude but also the purity of the way he often spoke of God’s relationship with Creation, and his commitment of character to the will of God. Continue reading

01/5/08

The Interval Calendar

AUR recognizes the space between the end of Christmas season (Epiphany) and the beginning of the Easter season (Carnival) as an important Interval marking the mid-point of the life of Jesus, which is undocumented in the canonical Gospels and shrouded in mystery, and the mid-point of Winter.

12 Days of Defiance begin on the 7th, celebrated with the colors blue and green.
Feast of St. Lucian, commemorating the martyrdom of the teacher of Arius, on January 7th
John Hancock Day, birthday of this Unitarian signer of the American Declaration of Independence, on the 12th
Nika Week, commemorating the Nika riots and massacre, from January 13th to 18th. In 532, two previously warring religious/political/sports factions (the Blues and the Greens) joined together to rise against Emperor Justinian, shouting “Nika!” (victory) in the Hippodrome of Constantinople. The Blues had joined the Greens even though they were supported by Justinian. In the massacres that followed, thirty thousand Blues and Greens were murdered by Justinian’s forces.

12 Days of Action begin on the 19th with the colors of red and white.
Feast of the International Family, on the 19th, commemorating the family of Maris and Martha, aristocratic Persians who emigrated to Rome to assist Christians being persecuted there. These two and their sons were tortured and executed for their good deeds.
(Earliest possible date for the 12 Days of Carnival, the 23rd)
Sleds and Cannons, on the 24th, commemorating the remarkably speedy arrival in Cambridge, Mass., of Henry Knox and the cannons of Fort Ticonderoga in just 56 days. After a heavy snowfall threatened to slow the transport, Knox’s patriots resorted to sleds, transforming a seeming setback into a boon by accomodating providence rather than resisting it.
Spear King’s Day, on the 25th, commemorates the death of Arian king Geiseric who, despite persecution of Unitarian Arians, gave Catholics freedom of religion under his reign and established a progressive tax system, providing relief to the common people.
Day of the Spark, on the 30th, commemorates the delivery of the Discourse on Submission by proto-Unitarian minister Jonathan Mayhew on the 100th anniversary of the execution of King Charles I in 1649. This sermon, called the spark that ignited the American Revolution by John Adams, unravelled the scriptural underpinning of the divine right of kings.
(Latest possible day for the 12 Days of Carnival, 26th of February)

12/31/07

Resolution Day – Finding Comfort Through Spiritual Strength

One key distinction of AUR is the commitment not to offer false consolation on the cheap, whether its the sort of “bow to dogma and your soul will be spared” comfort of conservative churches or the “I’m okay, you’re okay, nothing we believe really matters” comfort of liberal churches.

Spiritual peace is not won by reciting a confession or catechism as if it were a magic spell, or by impulsively tossing your life over to God like a hot potato for which you can abdicate all responsibility.

Nor is spiritual peace achieved through conflict-averse relativism or laissez-faire creedlessness, what Unitarian theologian James Luther Adams described unflatteringly as religion “you can’t flunk.”

Spiritual peace is achieved only through a resolute struggle, by committing of one’s character to moral growth and accepting a higher Good beyond one’s individual interests. Continue reading

12/27/07

Enjoying the Holidays All the Way Through

Yesterday and today, several people have asked me “how was your holidays?” using the polite, non-sectarian term. 

Which, by the way, is fine by me.  I have no idea why some people get bent out of shape, drumming up a “War on Christmas” because strangers refuse to assume each other’s religious affiliation.  Since when did respecting other people’s religious freedom equal war?  I guess, among those who don’t agree with the idea of religious freedom, holiday ettiquette constitutes an act of sedition.

But, I’m getting off point.  I’m writing because of the word “was” not the word “holidays.”

Although I don’t go into uncomfortable detail with every cashier and co-worker who asks how my holiday “went,” my Yuletide is not over.  I think our attitude toward Christmas is too much of a buildup/letdown approach.  We think of nothing but the day itself all through December, and after it’s over we go over the emotional cataract into the blahs of January. 

That’s why I like the AUR calendar’s step-by-step approach to Advent, and observing the traditional “12 Days of Christmas” afterward leading up to Epiphany.  I mark this gradual rolling out of the Christmas story with my Nativity scene, meditating on the images one by one. 

On December 1st, when I put up the unlit decorations for the 12 Days of Gold, I set Mary and the Angel alone in the stable to signify the Annunciation.  On the 6th I add Joseph and the donkey. 

On the 13th, with the beginning of the 12 Days of Light, I add the ox and the light representing the Star of Bethlehem, along with all of my other lighted decorations. 

Last thing Christmas Eve, I add the manger and Baby Jesus.  And, on New Year’s Eve, in preparation for the last days leading up to Epiphany, I add the shepherd, sheep, camels, and Magi to complete the image.

But, even for those of us who aren’t Epiphany-observing Christians, are the holidays already in the past?  We have New Year’s ahead of us!  Why start mourning the end of the holidays with the most exciting (if certainly not the most solemn) still ahead?